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During the 1990s, a number of systems were proposed to overcome limitations of the three major component models (CORBA, JavaBeans, and COM) One limitation was incompatibility between them Components built with one model couldn t interoperate with other models Several bridging frameworks arose, in the form of model-to-model bridges, such as Iona s COM-to-CORBA bridge COMet17 Integration frameworks go beyond the bridging idea, attempting to create a homogeneous environment for disparate component models For example, the Vienna Component Framework18 is an environment that uses special fa ade components to support the interoperability of the three major models The three major models had several other shortcomings, including lack of support for rapid application development (RAD) Espresso19 was a Java-based system designed to support tool-based visual composition and Internet distribution Espresso components interacted exclusively using event notifications Components could be wired together in an integrated development environment.

Once you create a directory and grant the necessary rights, all Data Pump Export and Import jobs can use the DIRECTORY parameter (described shortly) to specify the name of the directory object (DIRECTORY=dpump_dir1) This way, the DIRECTORY parameter will indirectly point to the actual operating system directories and files Here s an example: $ expdp salapati/password DIRECTORY=dpump_dir1 dumpfile=testexp01dmp.

If a user tries to use the expdp or impdp utility without a DBA creating and granting privileges on a directory beforehand, that user will get an error, which means that Oracle isn t able to find a directory object and, hence, can t start the Data Pump job, as shown in Listing 14-2. Listing 14-2. Data Pump Error Caused by Nonspecification of a Directory Object C:\> expdp hr/hr Export: Release 11.1.0.6.0 - Production on Saturday, 22 March, 2008 11:13:29 Copyright (c) 2003, 2007, Oracle. All rights reserved.

16. CORBA Event Service Specification, www.omg.org/technology/documents/formal/event_service.htm, 2001. 17. Ronan Geraghty, Sean Joyce, Tom Moriarty, and Gary Noone, COM-CORBA Interoperability (Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1998). 18. Johann Oberleitner, Thomas Gschwind, and Mehdi Jazayeri, The Vienna Component Framework Enabling Composition Across Component Models (proceedings of the 25th International Conference on Software Engineering, Portland, OR, May 2003). 19. Ted Faison, Interactive Component-Based Software Development with Espresso (technical report, www.faisoncomputing.com/espresso/Introduction.pdf, 1997).

Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.1.0.6.0 - Prodution With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options ORA-39002: invalid operation ORA-39070: Unable to open the log file. ORA-39145: directory object parameter must be specified and non-null C:\> In order for the Data Pump utilities to know where to place or get data for their export and import jobs, you need to specify location information when you use the expdp and impdp clients.

As you know by now, you can t use an absolute directory path location for Data Pump jobs; you must always use a directory object However, you can specify this directory object name during an actual job in several ways: DIRECTORY parameter: During a Data Pump Export job, you can specify the directory object by using the DIRECTORY parameter: $ expdp hr/hr DIRECTORY=dpump_dir1 DIRECTORY:FILE notation: Instead of using the DIRECTORY parameter, you can specify the directory object s name as part of the value for a specific Data Pump file (the dump file, log file, or SQL file) Use a colon (:) to separate the directory and the individual filenames in the file specification In the following example, dpump_dir2 is the name of the directory object, and the Data Pump filename is salapatilog: $ expdp LOGFILE=dpump_dir2:salapatilog .

DATA_DUMP_DIR environment variable: You can also use the environment variable DATA_DUMP_DIR to point to the directory object on the server In order to use the DATA_DUMP_DIR environment, you must have first created a specific directory object on the server For example, you could first create a new directory object on the server with the variable DATA_ DUMP_DIR, and then use the export command to save the value of the DATA_DUMP_DIR variable in the operating system environment Once you have made the DATA_DUMP_DIR variable part of your operating system environment, you don t need to specify the actual directory name (data_dump_dir2, in this example) explicitly (by using the DIRECTORY parameter) when you perform a Data Pump export As shown in the following example, you merely need to specify the name, not the location, for the DUMPFILE parameter.